You have read from my previous blogs about me having “someone from my FB group” helping me out from time to time with information, document translations, etc. Well, I am here to tell you, they are F A B U L O U S!
Along with the historical societies, archives, and #ancestry websites, I highly recommend joining a Facebook Group. There are many kinds; groups and pages. There are groups of almost every related parts of genealogy (geographical, linguistic, ethnic, etc.). Find the ones that work for you, you can always leave the group if it doesn’t “work” for you. But, the main thing I do recommend is that you read the group rules FIRST. So many just pop on and say “Can you translate this document for me?” and post the picture. There are guidelines for a reason, so read them.
Below are the groups I am currently a member of with the top 15 I use the most:
Genealogy Translations
Outer Bankers by Blood
Hatteras Island Genealogical and Preservation Society
Outer Banks Vintage Scrapbook
Tyrrell County Genealogy
Isle of Wight Virginia Genealogy
Tillett Family Genealogy
My Last name is Midgett
The Outer Banks of North Carolina History and Genealogy Group!
Pre1800 Logans Yahoo Group members (genealogy)
Gottschee Genealogy
PRUSSIAN GENEALOGY
Crnomelj, Dragatus, Vinica and Stari trg ob Kolpi Family Root Research
Slovenian Genealogy (Genealogy2000)
Slovenian Genealogy Society International, Inc. (SGSI)
German Genealogy
Davenports of North Carolina
Irish Genealogy
Our German and European GENEALOGY
Clan Logan Society International
Ireland: Genealogy & Heritage
Our American GENEALOGY
Chapman Family Association CFA
Our Scandinavian & Finnish GENEALOGY
Early Virginia/ West Virginia families. Surnames and descendants on records
Wisconsin Genealogy Ancestors and Me
Soper Family Genealogy Forum
FamilyHart’s Franklin County PA Genealogy
Edwards ancestors: NC, SC and Virginia roots
France and Mediterranean GENEA
We have many cousins in the Tillett, Midgett, Logan, and Outer Banks groups. I have met some wonderful and helpful people. Without them, I would not have gotten as far as I have on these limbs of ours.
Expand your #genealogy; your family history. Join a Facebook Group! Click to join!
If you need research assistance, do not hesitate to contact me.
What a beautiful Florida day! I was able to get out and work on my first love, my yard and garden. With all the rain we’ve had, things were a mess. My son mowed and edged and I pulled weeds, pulled some dead plants, and moved some plants around. It was glorious.
I then decided to spend time on my other “tree” and was met with some frustration. Yes, I received my CD’s from the Gottscheer Heritage and Genealogical Society and although I did not find what I was looking for, I found some other tidbits.
First, a little something to blow Susan’s mind a little… this is from the genealogist at the GHGA. Mathias Stefanitsch was born 1818 Oct 6 at Radenci. His parents were Mathias Stefanitsch & Maria Gersetitsch, both born about 1799. Sibling was Maria born 1814 Jan 20.
I have always been told that the name Stefanc and Stefanitsch are two separate surnames so I am not holding too much salt in Stefanitsch. I am thinking it was transcribed incorrectly. All documents thus far show Stefanc, Stefanz, or Stefanec. I have never seen a document with Stefanitsch on it. I am thinking she tried to make it sound Gottscheer, but it’s not.
Update 10/14/18– One of my FB group members is stating that -IČ (a patronymic) ending of the name was lost from one generation into the other. That is the -itsch sound. And, is a completely different surname than Štefanc and Štefanec. But uniform name spellings are a rather recent “invention”, earlier, the priest would spell the name as he saw fit (and it was not rare to see children in one family with different last name spellings).
Margaretha Schutte was born 1818 JUN 4 at Radenci… to Johann Schutte & Katharina Michelitsch. She had at least 2 siblings: Michael born 1816 Oct 6 and Katharina born 1813 Jul 21. There are several more children born to a Johann with different spouses. Don’t know if same one.
Schutte (German) is also spelled Šutej (Slovenian). These spellings making it very hard to keep up. When looking up names, everything is spelled “German/Slovenian” and then “Slovenian/Gottschee” so you must have some kind of key to keep up.
Maria Bauer was born 1814 Mar 21 at Prelesje #4, Črnomelj to Georg Bauer & Maria Ostermann. Siblings: Margaretha born 1816 Jan 12 and Margaretha born 1818 Aug 28.
I’ve seen this a lot, siblings with the same name a few years apart. Usually it is because the first one dies young.
By the way, the Bauer’s may have originally come from Croatia. The Kupa River forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia.
With the help of the CD’s I was able to find the names of Margaretha Šutej’s parents. They are Johann Šutej, born 1784 in Oberberg (German) Gorenja Podgora (Slovenian) and Katharina Michelitsch, born 1783 in Tscheplach (German) Čeplje (Slovenian).
The same for my Švegelj side. I was able to find Katharina Fugina’s parents. They are Jakob Fugina and Margaretha Rom. Both Gottscheer’s.
The genealogist then emailed me on my Katharina Ilić, mother to Jozef Švegelj.
Unfortunately, the film of this birth record for Katharina Illitsch is on is terrible. Some pages are almost blank they are so poor.
By checking the Illitsches in the marriage records, the majority of them came from Schmiddorf village in the parish of Altenmarkt (Stari Trg ob Kolpi). The film separates the births by village. I found Schmiddorf and what very much looked like Apr 4, 1820 and the given name appeared to be Catharina. However, when I got to the page with the parents names, it was nearly all unreadable, but the parents were not Illitsch.
I then looked at the digitized version on-line at FHC and found they must have digitized from the same film I had.
I also checked the village of Radenci with no results.
So, dead-end there.
I guess I shouldn’t be discouraged. A year ago I never would have thought I would get to the late 1700’s with these lines/limbs. 🙂
Until next time…
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Just received my first newsletter from the Gottscheer Heritage and Genealogy Association! The association was established to preserve the history, culture, and family records of Gottschee.
Every time I start looking at another branch of my tree, I am drawn back to my Slovenian and Gottschee (Svegelj side). However, I have since learned that my Gottschee ancestry is also on the Stefanc side. Who Were Mat’s Parents and Family? Matt’s maternal grandmother and her parents were Gottschee.
The Gottscheer Connection newsletter is choc full of information and now that I am an official member, I may get more insight and help with my roots. I’ve already sent two separate queries to their board. There are Gottscheer Heritage members all over the world so I am bound to get a hit!
It also had an article in it about Dr. Anja Morič of Slovenia. She researches Gottschee and has done her thesis concerning Gottschee research as well as interviewing Gottschees from all over the world. She has a non-governmental organization in Slovenia called “Zavod Putscherle” that displays Gottscheer exhibits in Slovenia and Austria. Her Showcases of Memory is fascinating to see. It is an exhibit about the present-day and former inhabitants of the Gottschee region.
Also, read about what a Putscherle is at Putscherles.
I’ve also ordered some more baptism and marriage CD’s from the association, as well as a CD of surnames and villages around the time our ancestors were there. I will share the information if I learn anything new.
As my Gram would say, Toodle loo for now.
Click below to read
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James C. Logan, cousin from my blog, Logan Theories- Restalrig, Scotland , went to our Scotland lands in June and visited historical sites relevant to our Logan history. He and his wife visited and stayed with another clan member in Gavington. When they weren’t discussing clan business, they toured the ruins. James has given me permission to share these with you. All photos are courtesy of James C. Logan.
On one of their first outings, John led them to visit the ruins of Fast Castle and nearby Siccar Point. “Fast Castle was once held by the Logan Barons of Restalrig – also held by the Clan Douglas and Lord Home. The approach is very steep and slippery. “
Ruins of Fast Castle
Other points of interest John took them to “included several churchyard cemeteries where ancient Logan’s are interned from a very early time. Edrom Kirk, for example, was established in the Middle Ages about 1147 and the chapel added in 1499. The existing church was rebuilt in 1732 and then repaired and partially rebuilt in 1886. The only fragment of the 12th century church is the doorway to the entrance of the Logan burial enclosure. The ancient inscriptions on the tombs inside are very difficult to read.
Edrom Kirk
They also visited “the site of the 1513 Battle of Flodden, where the 4th Baron, Sir John Logan and his eldest son perished in battle at the hands of the English commander, Lord Dacre. The Battle that day saw the loss of 10,000 Scots, mostly of the nobility, including King James IV of Scotland.”
Flodden Battle Field
“In Edinburgh, under John’s guidance included St. Margaret’s Church, St. Anthony’s Chapel, and Lochend House. The Logan’s once owned Leith and Leith harbor as part of the Barony of Restalrig.
St Margaret’s Church is located in Restalrig, now a suburb of Edinburgh. The original church existed in Restalrig from before the 4th century, dedicated to St. Triduana. A new church was built on the site in about 1165. The foundation for St. Triduana’s Chapel and St. Triduana’s Well adjoin St. Margaret’s Church.
St. Triduana Chapel and grounds
Inside St Margaret’s is a stained glass window dedicated to the Logan’s. This was the church of the Logan Barons of Restalrig up until 1610.”
“The foundation of St. Triduana Chapel is a hexagonal structure now capped with a square structure with a peaked roof, abutting St. Margaret’s. When St. Triduana died in Restalrig on 8 October 510 AD, the story is that “a well of pure water” sprung up where she was buried. In 1438, Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig erected a hexagonal tomb over her grave which provided pilgrims access to the “curative” well water. “
“In the basement of St. Triduana’s Chapel, we noted a large (about 6 ft tall) tombstone for Lady Janet, Ker — Lady Restalrig — but with one corner broken off and missing, containing the date. The ladies guiding our tour of the Church could not supply the date. But John recalled seeing a picture of the tombstone. We looked it up in Scott’s Heraldry by Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, Oliver & Boyd Publisher, Edinburgh, 1934. Lady Ker was the wife of Sir Robert Logan, the 7th and last Baron of Restalrig. Lady Ker died in 1596.”
“While in Edinburgh, John took us on a short auto tour of the city, passing by Holyrood Palace and the new Scottish Parliament, then to Arthur’s Seat. Arthurs’s seat is a very large volcanic plug next to the volcanic plug on which Edinburgh Castle is built. Half way up one side of Arthur’s Seat is the ruins of St. Anthony’s Chapel, reported to have been built in the 1100’s by the Logan’s of Restalrig.”
Doocot Ruins of St. Anthony’s Chapel
“Our tour of the Edinburgh area included a visit to Lochend House, Restalrig, which is the site of the Old Logan Castle of Restalrig. All that remains of the Castle is the Doocot and one wall with the last standing chimney of the Castle. The castle wall is now decorated with modern graffiti and the chimney is hardly visible through the trees.
On the site of the old Castle are several apartment buildings and a modest post World War II mansion, Lochend House. Lochend House is boarded up and run down, and is now on the market for sale, I am told, at a mere 220,000 pounds (about $300,000 or so).
One day while studying the roadmap, John noticed a reference to Nell Logan’s Bridge. So we had to investigate. After several wrong turns we finally found the bridge. The bridge was built in 1793 over Preston Burn. A prison cell was built under the bridge by adding walls and floor, and small windows and a door with bars. Nell Logan was the last prisoner. She was charged with sheep steeling. It’s not known what her fate was.”
Nell Logan’s prison cell under the bridge
“Was Nell tried and convicted or found innocent? Was she punished? These questions beg for more research. It’s a mystery! A new bridge was built above the old bridge in 2010 to provide 2 lanes across Preston Run, but the old bridge is still there, under the new one.”
I thank James for including me on his family email on his trip to Scotland. And, I invite all Logan’s to become members of the Clan Logan Society International. Clan Membership
Proud to be a Logan!
By the way, here is the sacred burial plot containing the heart of Robert the Bruce.
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If you need research assistance, do not hesitate to contact me.
A couple of months ago I wrote to the State Office for Culture and Conservation Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Northern Germany to see if I could get more information on Andreas Hennig and his family. Earlier this month, Kirsten Schäffner wrote me back. Although she couldn’t help me track them down, she was very forthcoming on where to look.
Because they were from Rosenberg, she stated that Rosenberg, district Danzig belonged to the parish / church of Praust.
She referred me to the German archive : Evangelisches Zentralarchiv in Berlin. A Christiane Hinz wrote me back almost immediately for more information from me. She works in the Kirchenbuchstelle des Evangelischen Zentralarchivs (the church book center at the Protestant Central Archive) in Berlin. This archive keeps the records of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) and the Union of Protestant Churches (UEK) as well as their legal and functional predecessors. I sent her what I know and am hoping to gain more insight on this family of nine.
Of course, being that they were Catholic, Christiane may refer me to somewhere else depending on the time frame of the records. But, at least I am on a track.
I’ll keep you posted.
Update: 10/15/2018
Christiane’s colleague wrote me back and stated:
He and his spouse were catholics. So there is no chance to do research in our holdings as we have only protestant church records of the former Prussian State.
The village Rosenberg (Rózyny), district Danzig (Gdansk) in West Prussia belonged in former times to the catholic parish Langenau. That means that sources for further research for example to find the marriage Hennig/Kries or to look for the baptism of their children, are the catholic church records of Langenau. Films of records Langenau are available (see www.familysearch.org). I do not know if records are online as well.
If you need research assistance, do not hesitate to contact me.
Listening to Podcasts and watching some YouTube videos taught me neat tricks with Google, organizational tips, and record-hunting tools.
While “branching out,” see what I did there? I have hit one brick wall after another: the Chapman family of Spotsylvania County, Virginia; the Burns family of Franklin County, Pennsylvania (they married in Hagerstown, Maryland, so maybe I need to pursue that, although the marriage book didn’t tell me much); and the Bauer and Fugina families of Slovenia!
I’ve since ordered some Gottschee marriage CDs from the Bauers and Fuginas areas, so here’s hoping that will give me some insight. My Slovenian group was able to narrow down my search to the Altenmarkt parish and the Nesseltal parish. We’ll see what the CDs bring.
My other great find was a program that helped me find errors in my Ancestry tree. I had some real doozies! Mothers at the age of 10! Thirteen, maybe, but not ten. This analyzer helped me clean up some old “rookie” mistakes and some not-so-old. 😉
And, for the Logans, here is an update on our Clan Logan status from our cousin, James.
Status Report from President James C. Logan San Diego, CA, USA 29th July 2018
During my recent trip to Scotland, I reviewed the status of our Chief Restoration Project with the Chairman of this Committee, John Marjoribanks. John has been making progress on our search and there is now a reasonable chance of success quite soon. I had the privilege to meet our putative Chief and I am impressed that he is likely to be defendable before the Court of the Lord Lyon. He and his wife are a very personable and intelligent couple. And he has the charisma we would like in the Chief of our Clan. I do not know how long it will be before we can submit our application to the Lyon Court – it could be as long as a year or two. There are two key issues to be resolved before we can proceed and we are planning to hire a professional genealogist to resolve these issues. In the meantime, to protect the privacy of our candidate and his family, a full disclosure of his identity will only be made when we are prepared to proceed with the formal process.
No, this is not a reality TV show; we are not the Kardashians. I have been studying hard the last few days, learning about another culture altogether, our ancestry, and our heritage.
On Monday, I searched for more information on Johann Reikowski’s parents, Franz and Josephine (Tesmer) Reikowski. It led me to the My Heritage site, where I have their free, basic tree set up. It listed a Franciszek and Józefina Reikowski (nee Tesmer). An email was listed, so I emailed. Not 20 minutes later, I received a reply. I was in touch with my 4th cousin 1x removed from Warsaw, Poland.
His 2nd great-grandmother, Marianna, is my Johann’s (my 3rd great-grandfather’s) sister (that’s where the “1x removed” comes in). Marianna’s granddaughter married a Ziemann, that changed to Cyman.
Through him, I found that Johann had other siblings unknown to me. More on that at another time. He knew that “many Kashubians went to the USA but had no idea if any members of my [his] family were among them.”. It didn’t dawn on me until a few emails later that he spoke of a people, not a surname. Both the Reikowskis and the Tesmers are Kashubian.
So, does that mean that Reikowski is actually Polish and not German? Not exactly. I have spent the last three days and many emails with my cousin trying to understand. I will try my best to explain without being insensitive to the region, as he told me, “Kashubians and Silesians German heritage it’s still a sensitive topic in Poland.”
Here is how it was explained to me. “Most Kashubians claim to be Polish. Quote: “There wouldn’t be Kashubia without Poland – and there wouldn’t be Poland without Kashubia.”
However, during the “Germanization” period, many people preferred to be perceived as Germans – and some really dropped their Polish/Kashubian heritage for good. Kashubia was a rather poor rural region, and in those times, people being Kashubian were treated worse than Germans.”
Kashubian (Kaszubian) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic (a language subgroup consisting of Polish and several other languages and dialects that originally were spoken in the area) group of languages of northern Poland and is thought to be a variation of the original Pomeranian language. Kashubian enjoys legal protection in Poland as a minority language, is taught in Polish schools, and can be found on many regional street signs. Source: https://www.inyourpocket.com/kashubia/The-Kashubians_70079f
And, get this. One of the biggest emigration settlements in America was Wisconsin! Yes, the area where our Reikowskis lived!
The Wilno website sites that “the Prussians were systematically pushing the Kashubs to leave the area by discouraging the use of their language, the practice of their religion, and by expropriating their land. Approximately one-third of the Kashub population emigrated mainly to America and Canada.”
The Kashubes are a Slavic tribe who originally settled on or near the Hel peninsula, which juts into the Baltic Sea between 1,100 and 1,400 years ago. Here is a beautiful video of the area today. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7nh5sJok2w
According to the Herder-Institut, “West Prussia is an extremely interesting yet problematic region of East Central Europe: National and political affiliations have changed many times between the Middle Ages and the present day, and its ethnic, national and cultural complexity makes this region “between Germans and Poles” a paradigm of complex German-Polish relations.” Well said!
I have found a lot of our ancestors in the Pomerania area. Pommern and Pomerania are Slavic in origin coming from the Slavic word “pomorze” which means “by the sea.” Of course. What else would it mean?
According to FamilySearch.org, “The Kashubians are those Pomeranians (in eastern Pomerania and in northern and western West Prussia) who resisted Germanization and largely retained their native Slavic language and their Catholic religion. The Pomeranians are those who adopted the German language and the Protestant religion. Yet the ethnic origins of both the Kashubians and the Pomeranians are the same. Kashubian is classified either as a language or a Polish dialect.”
From the Kashubian History and Culture; Kaszubi / Historia i Kultura Kaszubów, “for over 1,500 years, the Kashubs have lived along the shore of the Baltic Sea. Their traditional occupations were fishing and farming.” That sounds about right too.
Kashubians are known for their Catholic family values, embroidery, ceramics, weaving, and folk dancing. In Cassubia, a proverb held that “what is Catholic is Cassubian, what is Protestant is German.”
Canada has a huge Kashubian settlement. From the Madawaska Valley Current:
“There is a Polish proverb observing that
“Wherever you go, you can’t get rid of yourself.”
While some things can be lost in translation through decades, it is interesting to see how the values of a simple, hard-working farming life can thrive through generations and prompt others to flourish in a world that needs to be reconciled with God’s simplicity.”
Wilno, Canada, is the first and oldest settlement in Canada. One of the neatest stories I read was about the “Cross Roads.” You can read the whole article at http://www.wilno.org/culture/crosses.html, but basically, when they settled in the Wilno area of Canada, there were no Catholic churches nearby. “To satisfy their strong need to pray to Our Lord, the settlers erected large wooden crosses at the intersections of main roads. This was a tradition they borrowed from the motherland. On Sundays and Holy Days, the pioneers close to each intersection would gather at the crossroads and celebrate their Faith.” These were private prayers, not services.
“Our enjoyment of this great land we live upon today is possible only because of the hard work and the strong faith of our pioneer ancestors. It was their faith in God that kept them going through difficult terrain and even-more difficult economic times. We must do what we can to keep that faith alive.” ~The Wilno Heritage Society AMEN!
My ancestors always amaze me; the more I learn, the more amazed I am. Their faith and perseverance through everything just continue to astound me. We would not have what we have today without them.
My cousin tells me that my “Scandinavian genes could have been transferred to you by your Kashubian ancestors – we had Vikings there and a war against Sweden in XVII century. “
In addition to personality traits, Kashubians are known for having blonde hair and blue eyes, which Father Paul Breza, founder of Winona’s Polish Museum, said can be traced back to the Swedes who lived on the other side of the Baltic Sea. “The Swedes came over and stole our women,” he said. He also said, “Kashubians are known for being polite and reserved; they are also known for their persistent natures and determination.”
Above and Below is the traditional Kashubian dress.
There is also an annual Kashubian fishermen’s sea pilgrimage in Puck, Poland
śledź w śmietanie z bulwami herring served in sour cream with onions and apples, served with unpeeled potatoeszupa brzadowa a soup made of dried fruits (mostly eaten for Christmas)
I have learned a lot since Monday; I am sure this is just the tip of the iceberg. I look forward to hearing more from my cousin in Poland and learning more about my Kashubian Reikowski’s and the allusive Tesmer’s.
If you need research assistance, do not hesitate to contact me.
With the help of Luana Darby, who went to the Family History Library in Utah to get this scan of Johann’s death certificate, and the help of Carolina Meyer from my Genealogy Translations Facebook page, I now have a death register on Johann Schwittkowski. However, it leaves me with more questions and speculation. Is this MY Johann? The area seems correct, but it is hard to say with no other names or relations on this register.
Translation:
No. 851
Danzig, 4 April 1883
On written notice of April 3 by the police commissioner Posep from here, it is registered that the laborer [Arbeiter] Johann Schwittkowski, about 40 years old, up until now residing in Muehlhof [Mühlhof] close to Oliva [Oliwa] county [Kreis] Danzig, whose personal and other living conditions are not known, was found dead on 26 March 1883 at 9 a.m. on the field close to Neu Schottland near the Brösener Alley [Brösener Chaussee].
The registrar. Per pro-Kirstein
The whole form was deleted. (means that the form with the printed words was not used. In this case, the form was crossed out) The registrar. Per pro-Kirstein
If my research is correct, Mühlhof is now near where the Historic Water Forge near Oliwa. There was a railway line and a horse-drawn tram connection. Neu Schottland (New Scotland) is now Szkoty, a former railway transport line that is now only used for freight. According to Wikipedia, it was opened in October 1867.
Scots inhabited different parts of Gdańsk and their presence has left significant traces in the city’s topography. Some names connected with Scottish settlements can still be found on the map today. One of them is Nowe Szkoty (Neuschottland, New Scotland) – the name of a district dating back to the second half of the sixteenth century and located not so far from our Institute at the University of Gdańsk. Source: Gdańsk Scottish Studies Research Group
On the map below, I mapped a black line from around where he lived to where he was found in the field on this current day map. The distance of about 4 – 5 miles.
The area would be the right place to find Johann, but because the record does not mention any other personal information, I cannot be certain that this is him. I’ve always shown 1883 death as a source because it was the only Johann Schwittkowski I found then. But I now know there could be others with the same name. More research is to be done.
A gentleman from one of the FB sites wrote me while I was writing this, trying to help me with this record. He found address books where the Schwittkowski’s seemed to have lived. The names seem right; Johann, Anton, Elisabeth. I will now research those a little bit and see what I can find. It seems there were Schwittkowski names in that house until at least 1922!
Update 4:15 pm:
The street name in German is Holzmarkt; he lived in #19 for years, according to the directories. The Polish, current name, is Targ Drzewny in Gdansk.
Was he walking home? Was he taking the tram? I guess we will never know.
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The Archives of Gdansk could not find the birth certificates of Franz and Josephine’s children other than Marianna Anna and Franz Michael, twins. They searched all the years 1839-1867 except 1853, which is missing. Franz Michael was a new relative for me, though I had Marianna Anna. They are siblings of our gggrandfather, Johann P. Reikowski. They were born on 02 Apr 1852. Born in Bissau, Parish of Matarnia, Gdańsk, Poland. Catholic.
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The carpenter Franz Schmück residing in Berlin, Schulstraße 24 reported that Anna Barbara Schmück nee Hennig, 67 years old residing in Berlin with him born in Rosenberg district, Gdansk married to the worker Karl Friedrich Schmück residing in Ohra, district Gdansk Daughter of the worker Andreas Hennig and his wife Marie nee Kriese, both deceased and last resident in Rosenberg. died in Berlin, Schulstraße 24 on 11th July 1901 at 11:15 p.m.
Thanks again to Brigitte from the FB Genealogy Translations page and to Ancestry for digitizing the document.
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They also visited “the site of the 1513 Battle of Flodden, where the 4th Baron, Sir John Logan and his eldest son perished in battle at the hands of the English commander, Lord Dacre. The Battle that day saw the loss of 10,000 Scots, mostly of the nobility, including King James IV of Scotland.”
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