brick walls – Loganalogy- Your Family Historian

Genealogy research is an exciting journey, but even the most dedicated researchers hit roadblocks. Once you’ve gathered the basics—names, dates, locations—what should you do when you can’t seem to find that next crucial record? Here are key strategies to help you break through those barriers.

1) Use the FAN Principle¹

The FAN principle (Friends, Associates, and Neighbors), developed by Elizabeth Shown Mills, encourages you to look beyond your direct ancestors. Research the people around them—witnesses on documents, neighbors in census records, and business partners. These individuals can provide clues that lead you to new records or confirm relationships.

2) Try Cluster Research²

Rather than focusing on one ancestor, expand your search to include siblings, cousins, and extended family. Families often moved together, attended the same churches, and were buried in the same cemeteries. Finding details about their relatives can provide missing pieces for your own ancestor’s story. This methodology is also championed by Elizabeth Shown Mills as an effective genealogical strategy.

3) Search Local Records

Not everything is available online. Visit local libraries, historical societies, and county courthouses for records such as:

Land deeds
Probate records
Newspaper archives
Church registers
Tax lists

These sources can contain unique details about your ancestor’s life that don’t appear in major genealogy databases.

4) Join Genealogy Groups and Forums

Sometimes, fresh eyes can offer new insights. Join genealogy groups, both online and in person, where researchers share tips, records, and even family connections. Facebook groups, local genealogy societies, and platforms like FamilySearch Community can be invaluable.

5) Explore DNA Matches

If you’ve taken a DNA test, use it strategically. Explore resources like Diahan Southard’s Your DNA Guide website, book, and workbook to better understand how to use your matches to confirm relationships and break through brick walls. Her expertise in genetic genealogy provides practical strategies for leveraging DNA results effectively.³

6) Review Your Research Process

Double-check your previous findings for potential errors. A simple mistake in a name, date, or location could lead you astray. Make sure you’ve:

Verified all sources
Re-examined records for overlooked details
Considered alternative spellings or name variations

7) Interview Family Members

Older relatives can provide valuable oral histories, family traditions, and lesser-known details. Ask open-ended questions and record their stories for future reference.

8) Recheck Your Sources

Ensure that all information you’ve gathered is from reliable sources. Unverified details can send you in the wrong direction, so always cross-check with primary records like birth, marriage, and death certificates.

9) Watch for Name Variations and Misspellings

Spelling was often inconsistent in historical records. Before the widespread development of writing systems, our ancestors did not keep detailed records or regularly write down their names. In addition, your ancestor may have used a middle name or nickname or even changed their name. Try searching with:

Phonetic spellings
Different name orders
Abbreviations or initials

10) Verify Ages and Birth Dates

Ages in historical records were sometimes reported inaccurately. Reasons for discrepancies include:

Most early ancestors did not keep track of their exact age in the same way we do today, as widespread record-keeping systems were not available
Lying to appear older or younger for work or military service
Mistakes by census takers or someone else giving census information
Lack of birth records causing uncertainty

When searching, widen the birth year range and cross-reference census, military, and vital records for consistency.

Bonus Hint: The earliest recorded birth date is usually the closest or most accurate.

11) Take a Break and Return with Fresh Eyes

Sometimes stepping away from research for a short time can provide a new perspective. Keep a research log so you remember where you left off when you return.

12) Consider Hiring a Professional

If you’ve exhausted all options, a professional genealogist or family history researcher can help. With specialized skills and access to additional resources, they can break through stubborn roadblocks. If you need assistance, I offer genealogy guidance for just $25 per hour. Visit Loganalogy.com to learn more and book a session!

Final Thoughts Every genealogist encounters challenges, but with persistence and the right strategies, you can push past barriers and uncover your family’s hidden history. Keep searching, keep learning, and most importantly—enjoy the journey!

Elizabeth Shown Mills, “QuickLesson 11: Identity Problems & the FAN Principle,” Evidence Explained: Historical Analysis, Citation & Source Usage (https://www.evidenceexplained.com/content/quicklesson-11-identity-problems-fan-principle : [07 Feb 2025]). ↩︎
Elizabeth Shown Mills, “QuickSheet: The Historical Biographer’s Guide to Cluster Research (The FAN Principle) (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2012), outside panel 1, “The Principle.” ↩︎
Southard, Diahan. “Your DNA Guide- the Book and Workbook.” Accessed February 8, 2025. https://diy.yourdnaguide.com/your-dna-guide-the-book-and-workbook. ↩︎

My Great Grandfather.

The Stephanz family is my most exciting discovery yet. They have been what genealogists refer to as a ‘brick wall.’ Breaking through brick walls is very satisfying! Their Kansas story fascinated me, showcasing how they persevered through a language barrier and maintained their traditions in a foreign land. But I digress.

I’ll start with Mathias Paul Stephanz, Jr. Mat was born on 13 JUL 1894 in Kansas City, Wyandotte County, Kansas. His parents were Mathias Stephanz, Sr. and Mary Swegel. No, wait, that is incorrect. He was born to Matijas Štefanc and Marija Švegelj, but that is yet another story.

Stephanz Family Abt 1905.jpg — Matijas, Mathias, Joseph, Mary, Elizabeth, Marija- 1905 Kansas City, Kansas

Mathias, Jr. was born on a Friday over 120 years ago. My second cousin, Susan, told me that her father mentioned he was somewhat fair-haired when he was young, with blue eyes, and that he was a great father. She said he always spoke about how great his wife, Clara, was, constantly driving them all over or sailing with them across the country and the world, and how she was always packing up everything they owned whenever they moved. Her dad also mentioned that it only took one look from Mat to make all the kids behave. Susan added that Mat preferred Milwaukee over Kansas City because of the fun times they had at the lake, parties, and being with family, especially during the summers.

Mat was baptized in 1894 at St. Joseph’s Parish in Kansas City. He had one younger brother and two younger sisters.

They lived on Sandusky Ave./411 N. 4th Street (in the rear of the house) on what is known as Strawberry Hill. The addresses confused me until I realized that 4th Street curved into Sandusky, and they lived right on the border of those two roads. So, some census takers show Sandusky, and some show 4th St.

The house is still there. But a highway was built right through Strawberry Hill in 1957, forcing neighbors to move from their homes. See my blog about Strawberry Hill and the people who lived there.

Mathias lived in Kansas City until he was 24 years old in 1919. On July 9, 1916, he wrote a letter to his sister, Mary. The postmark on the letter indicates that it was sent from Detroit, Michigan. I can only assume he was visiting there. In his letter, he refers to his adventures in Toledo. The letter starts with what must be her nickname (written as he wrote with punctuation and spelling).

Dear Squib,

I got your letter all ok. I spent the 4th in Toledo and went to Toledo Beach sure had a good time. I am going to tell you something that I don’t want the old folks to know. I think I’ll marry in Toledo. I’ve got the girl at last I believe and I found her myself too. Her name is Bessie Jacobs. Tell you how I met her Elizabeth’s old friend Frances (can’t read last name) has been trying to land me “ha ha” the old fossil she got me to come over and meet her cousin from Detroit and this little girl happened to be there too and she didn’t introduce us but I made up my mind that I didn’t need any and the funny part of it Bessie told me later that she had her mind made up to know me too but Frances kept on her tail so much that I couldn’t talk to her alone until the next day. She is a telephone operator and I’ve got the job taking her home when I am there now there’s another fellow but his name will be mud before I’m done. Sis, you can talk about fast work, but listen to this I met about 2 o’clock Monday and Wed night about 12 I proposed (she would not give me a final answer yet) She didn’t know me well enough yet but I think my chances are good. I wish you or Leah could come here on a visit and meet her I wonder if she is a big as Joe’s girl she weighs 103 pounds and reaches about to my arm pit and she wears glasses but she can look nicer in them than any girl I ever saw she 19 years old and she can cook and do housework too she’s not a fancy cook but she can put up a meal so I should worry. I’ll think I’ll move to Toledo and go living Alice’s husband is trying to land me a job there and I can be making 100 (word looks like “bones”) in a short time and I know I’ll like it better he’s got 2 uncles that are engineers too so it will all be in the family and I can save more money there too. What’s the matter with the King (Joe’s nickname maybe?) I thought he was going to be a candy maker he better try something where he can learn to be something so he won’t be a common laborer when he is my age I wish you all would move to Toledo you could all get jobs here easy enough and we could all have a dandy time better than in KC I believe. Well sis I guess I told you all I could so I will close now hoping to hear from you soon and tell all my friends hello for me Leah and Joe too (Leah must have been Joe’s sister, Lizzie- maybe a nickname) Tell that King to get a job dam quick and tell the Belgian hello too I almost forgot her.

With Love, Mat

P. S. I repeat I would like picture of the bunch as soon as possible.

This letter is interesting as there are a lot of Stephanz in my research showing up in Toledo. There is even a Mathias, except the age doesn’t pan out. Are there relatives in Ohio we didn’t know about? Are they the ones Mat is referring to in the letter? Is this why he is in Toledo at this time? There is a William R., a Francis J., and a Mathias.

In 2022, I found my answers. Found In A Letter answers these questions.

The marriage mentioned in the letter did not happen. Instead, Mat married Clara Elizabeth Hennig at St. Lawrence Catholic Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1920.

Can you identify the error in the previous record? Augusta was Clara’s mother, but it should indicate Mary as Mat’s mother. Also, Mathias’ name is listed with “neo-Conversus” underneath it. I’m not sure why it indicates him as a convert, as he was baptized in St. Joseph’s Parish in Kansas City.

The directory shows Mat living in Kansas City with his parents in 1916. I wonder what happened between his visit to Toledo in 1916 and his marriage to Clara in 1920 in Wisconsin. How did he meet Clara? Nine months after their marriage, Marguerite, my grandmother, was born in Illinois. I think around 1920, he joined the Navy, but I’m still trying to obtain the records. The department won’t send them to me because I’m not the next of kin. I haven’t appealed this decision yet.

He spent most of the next 47 years in the United States Navy. He was transferred to various locations: Wisconsin in 1920, Illinois in 1921, Pensacola, Florida in 1922, Norfolk, VA in 1926, the Canal Zone in Panama in 1932, Hawaii in 1935, back to Norfolk in 1939, Jacksonville, Florida in 1941, Oregon in 1944, and his last enlistment was in Jacksonville, Florida in 1950, where he retired as the Aviation Chief and made his home there.
However, he didn’t retire but instead became the Finance Officer at American Legion Lake Shore Post 137. Mat and Clara had three daughters and two sons.

Mathias Stephanz 1916 Kansas City — Mathias Stephanz, Jr. 1916

Mathias Stephanz circa 1918-1920 — Mathias P. Stephanz, Jr. abt 1920

Chief Mathias Stephanz circa 1930s — Chief Mathias P. Stephanz, Jr. 1930

Present Ranking F-4-D F.R. -31 Mar 1941- (Men transferred to Fleet Reserve upon completion of 20 years who were serving in the regular Navy on July 1, 1925, or who reenlisted under continuous service immediately thereafter.) ACMM (PA) (Aviation Chief MACHINISTS’S MA)

1941- Paul, Virginia, Buddy and Mat

1941- Paul, Mathias, Clara, Virginia, Clarice

Buddy and Mat 1941

Paul and Bess wedding, Clara & Matt in background

Alice & Ralph Hennig, Clara and Matt, Clarice and Virginia

Marguerte, Al, Sharon, Clarice, Clara, Matt Stephanz — Marguerite, Sharon, Albert, Clarice, Clara, and Matt. Bishop Kenny Catholic High School Graduation- 1957

Virginia, Clara and Matt Stephanz 1959 — Virginia, Clara, and Matt- Christmas 1959

Jeanne, ARW, Mathias, Ruby 1963

Clara, Marguerite, and Mathias Stephanz circa 1967 — Clara, Marguerite, and Mathias- VA Hospital in Tuskegee, Macon County, AL 1967

Although Mat passed away at the VA hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama, his body was transported back to Jacksonville, FL to be buried in Riverside Memorial Park that October.

What a life Mat led! Still, he died too young, at the age of 73. I wish I could have known him in person. I can only imagine the stories he could have shared with me as a kid growing up in Kansas, as a young adult with a young family, and during his very successful Navy career. Oh, the places and things he must have seen.

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