Interior of J Plater’s Cart, Van and Carriage Works, Haddenham, Buckinghamshire, 1903. The interior of the workshop with the craftsmen grouped together with their equipment. Two of the apprentices are young boys. (Photo by English Heritage/Heritage Images/Getty Images)
Robert Emmett Cofer, my third great-grandfather, was born over 187 years ago in the heart of Surry County, Virginia. Though much about his life remains shrouded in mystery, a few key details paint a vivid picture of his existence.
As the fifth child in a family of ten, Robert experienced the challenges and dynamics of a large household, especially after his father remarried and added four more children to the family. Growing up during a tumultuous time in American history, he was raised in a household that included enslaved individuals, an experience that would shape his perspectives and values.
At the tender age of 16, Robert embarked on a journey of apprenticeship, learning the intricate craft of carriage making alongside two of his brothers. By 1860, he had established himself as a “mechanic,” but his skills would eventually earn him the title of “wheelwright” in future census records. This profession required a remarkable blend of woodworking and metalworking expertise, and skilled tradesmen like Robert were invaluable to the Confederate army, assisting in the war effort much like soldiers wielding muskets.
Robert lived through the Civil War, a time marked by significant events such as President Lincoln’s issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, as well as the fierce and pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville. After 43 devoted years of marriage to his beloved wife, Martha, Robert faced a tragic end at the age of 67. He spent the last three years of his life battling dysentery, which ultimately claimed him.
Martha, resilient in her own right, lived to the age of 78, passing away from heart disease. Both are lovingly interred in Cedar Grove Cemetery in Norfolk City, Virginia, where their legacies continue to rest.
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Minnie Baylor Cofer’s roots trace back to her parents, Robert Emmett Cofer and Martha Ann Davis—my third great-grandparents. While much of their story comes from scattered records and family notes, they were both born in Virginia and married at 23 in Norfolk.
Martha Ann Davis: A Life of Privilege and Transition
Martha was the third of eleven children, coming of age during the tumultuous Civil War era. By 1863, President Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and battles like Chancellorsville raged nearby. Martha’s granddaughter, Elizabeth Cofer Reed, recalled stories of her grandmother’s privileged upbringing: a private finishing school education, her own carriage with two horses, and never dressing herself until adulthood. Despite this sheltered life, Martha later worked as a professional nurse, as listed in the 1900 census at age 59—quite an accomplishment for a woman of her time.
Martha lived until 78, passing away from heart disease, and was laid to rest beside her husband in Cedar Grove Cemetery, Norfolk City, Virginia.
In my estimate, this is about 1918.The MyHeritage tool estimated this picture to be take circa 1920.
Robert Emmett Cofer: A Skilled Tradesman
Robert was one of ten children, later gaining four half-siblings after his father remarried. Growing up in Surry County, Virginia, Robert learned the craft of carriage making as a teenager, later becoming a wheelwright—a trade that was invaluable to the Confederate Army.1 After 43 years of marriage, Robert succumbed to dysentery at 67.
The Cofer Family’s Antebellum Roots
Robert’s father, Isaac Cofer, owned a plantation in Surry County with a fluctuating number of enslaved individuals, peaking at fifteen by 1860. Following the Civil War, Isaac filed a claim for the loss of his enslaved worker, John, highlighting the entanglement of family history with America’s dark past.
Isaac’s wealth diminished significantly by 1870, and he passed away a few years later. His second marriage to Sarah Jones (possibly related to his first wife, Mary C. Jones) adds another layer to the family tree puzzle.
Isaac’s father, Reverend Joseph Cofer, was a Baptist minister and a patriarch of thirteen children. His first wife, Jerusha Lancaster, died young, leaving behind ten children, while his second wife, Martha Wrenn, added three more. Joseph’s plantation was substantial, with 25 enslaved individuals and connections to significant events like the crafting of samplers commemorating family deaths.
Innovations and Legacy
Isaac’s half-brother, Thomas Wrenn Cofer, stands out for his inventive spirit. During the Civil War, Thomas patented the Cofer revolver, a weapon used by the Confederate Army. 2Today, these rare firearms fetch thousands of dollars and are a testament to the family’s historical imprint.
Tracing Back to England
The Cofer line extends to John Coker, who arrived in America in 1635 aboard the Plain Joan.3 He earned his land through the headright system and eventually settled in Surry County, Virginia.4 Records tie the family to influential figures, including Richard Bennett Jr., and suggest English origins in Dorsetshire.
The video below shows an old grist mill owned by the Wrenn family, which stood on Route 677, north of Smithfield. The video is made from scans of a roll of medium format film taken in the late 1960s with a Yashica Model “D” camera. The mill was demolished in 1989 after a pickup went off the road and crashed into it.5
The below article was something I found in my research while writing this blog. A person from my Isle of Wight Facebook page owns the book and supplied the missing page 90 in order for me to complete my notes.
The book title is In the Neatest Manner: The Making of the Virginia Sampler Tradition By Kimberly Smith Ivey
Southampton, Surry, and Isle of Wight Counties Unity A. Delk and Elizabeth M. Cofer worked almost identical samplers to honor the deaths of their respective parents, Wiley Jones Delk and Jerusha Lancaster Cofer (figs. 123 and 124). An earlier sampler, which was worked by Unity’s older sister, Martha, is not shown here, commemorating their father’s death. In 1824, four years after the death of Wiley Delk, his widow, Martha Wren Delk, of Southampton County, married Joseph Cofer, a Baptist minister from the Isle of Wight and Surry Counties. One year earlier,Joseph’s first wife,
Figure 123 – Sampler by Unity A. Delk, dated Sept. 5, 1834; attributed to Isle of Wight County, Virginia. Figure 124 – Sampler by Elisabeth M. Cofer, age sixteen, dated 1834, attributed to Isle of Wight County, Virginia.
I discovered this information on the Colonial Williamsburg website about a sampler created by Elizabeth M. Cofer, which includes the exact date of Jerusha’s death.6 It would be wonderful to have this, and I am thrilled to have found it! The sampler was passed down in the family to Mary Wrenn Cofer Ballard and was donated to Colonial Williamsburg by her husband, Mr. L. W. Ballard.
A Living History
The Cofer legacy is a tapestry of privilege, hardship, and resilience. From Martha’s cherished stories to the craftsmanship of Robert and Thomas, every thread connects to the broader narrative of Virginia’s history. Artifacts like Elizabeth M. Cofer’s 1834 sampler—now at Colonial Williamsburg—offer tangible links to these ancestors, reminding us of the enduring impact of their lives.
Filby, P. William, Meyer, Mary K., Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of about 500,000 passengers who came to the United States and Canada in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. 1982-1985 Cumulated Supplements in Four Volumes Detroit, Mich. : Gale Research Co., 1985, Print (ISBN 0-8103-1795-8) ↩︎
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